ABSTRACT
Introduction: the use of light emitting diodes (LED) in domestic and public vias have increased in the last 20 years. In addition, the LED light has been used as a light source for medical applications. Objective: since humans are increasingly exposed to LEDs, there is an urgency to investigate the possible biological effects on tissues caused by this exposure. So, researchers have been focused their investigations in the application of this light in the health field. Material and method: in this review, a search in important databases was performed on the biological effects caused after application of different LED light protocols in in vitro and in vivo studies. Result: although most published papers have shown positive results, some of them reported negative biological effects of light LEDs technology on humans' cells/tissues. Conclusion: therefore, the comprehension of the biological effects caused by light LEDs will provide a better assessment of the risks involved using this technology.
Introdução: o uso de diodos emissores de luz ("LED") em vias domésticas e públicas tem aumentado nos últimos 20 anos. Além disso, a luz LED tem sido usada para aplicações médicas. Objetivo: pelo fato de seres humanos estarem cada vez mais expostos aos LEDs, há urgência em investigar os possíveis efeitos biológicos nos tecidos causados por esta exposição. Assim, pesquisadores têm focado suas investigações no uso desta luz na área da saúde. Material e método: nesta revisão foi realizada uma pesquisa em bancos de dados conceituados sobre os efeitos biológicos causados após aplicação de diferentes protocolos de luz LED em estudos in vitro e in vivo. Resultado: embora a maioria dos artigos publicados tenham mostrado resultados positivos, alguns deles relataram efeitos biológicos negativos da tecnologia de LEDs nas células/tecidos humanos. Conclusão: portanto, a compreensão dos efeitos biológicos causados pela luz LED proporcionará uma melhor avaliação dos riscos envolvidos no uso desta tecnologia.
Subject(s)
Phototherapy , Tissues , In Vitro Techniques , Catchment Area, Health , Cells , Lasers, Semiconductor , Curing Lights, DentalABSTRACT
The need to develop new dental luting agents in order to improve the success of treatments has greatly motivated research. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the diametral tensile strength (DTS) and film thickness (FT) of an experimental dental luting agent derived from castor oil (COP) with or without addition of different quantities of filler (calcium carbonate - CaCO3). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eighty specimens were manufactured (DTS N=40; FT N=40) and divided into 4 groups: Pure COP; COP 10 percent; COP 50 percent and zinc phosphate (control). The cements were mixed according to the manufacturers' recommendations and submitted to the tests. The DTS test was performed in the MTS 810 testing machine (10 KN, 0.5 mm/min). For FT test, the cements were sandwiched between two glass plates (2 cm²) and a load of 15 kg was applied vertically on the top of the specimen for 10 min. The data were analyzed by means of one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α=0.05). RESULTS: The values of DTS (MPa) were: Pure COP- 10.94±1.30; COP 10 percent- 30.06±0.64; COP 50 percent- 29.87±0.27; zinc phosphate- 4.88±0.96. The values of FT (µm) were: Pure COP- 31.09±3.16; COP 10 percent- 17.05±4.83; COP 50 percent- 13.03±4.83; Zinc Phosphate- 20.00±0.12. One-way ANOVA showed statistically significant differences among the groups (DTS - p=1.01E-40; FT - p=2.4E-10). CONCLUSION: The experimental dental luting agent with 50 percent of filler showed the best diametral tensile strength and film thickness.
Subject(s)
Humans , Castor Oil/chemistry , Dental Cements/chemistry , Analysis of Variance , Calcium Carbonate/chemistry , Dental Materials , Dental Stress Analysis , Materials Testing , Tensile StrengthABSTRACT
Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a efetividade da terapia fotodinâmica (PDT) mediada pelo fotossensibilizador (FS) Photodithazine® (PDZ), associado à luz do tipo LED (660nm). Para tanto, foram utilizados 55 camundongos com aproximadamente 6 semanas de vida, os quais foram submetidos a indução de candidose no dorso da língua. Inicialmente os animais foram imunossuprimidos e no dia seguinte se realizou a inoculação de C. albicans na língua dos mesmos por meio de swabs embebidos na suspensão (107 Ufc/mL). Para a realização da terapia fotodinâmica o FS foi avaliado nas concentrações de 75, 100, 125 e 150mg/L. Tais grupos experimentais foram denominados de (P+L+ 75mg/L, P+L+ 100mg/L, P+L+ 125mg/L, P+L+ 150mg/L) associados a uma dose de luz de 37,5 J/cm2 . Para a verificação apenas do efeito da PDZ, a mesma foi aplicada na língua dos animais, sem iluminação (grupos denominados de P+L- 75mg/L, P+L- 100mg/L, P+L- 125mg/L, P+L- 150mg/L). O efeito da luz foi avaliado por meio da iluminação das línguas com dose de luz de 37,5J/cm2 , (grupo denominado de P-L+ 37,5J/cm2 ). Um grupo recebeu apenas inoculação por Candida (grupo PL-, controle positivo), outro grupo não recebeu nenhum tratamento e nem inoculação fúngica (grupo CN controle negativo). Após os experimentos realizou-se a recuperação de C. albicans das línguas dos animais por meio de swabs que foram esfregados sobre as mesmas durante 1 minuto. Esses swabs foram embebidos em tubos de ensaio com 1mL de solução salina, e diluições seriadas foram realizadas e colocadas em placas de petri com SDA. Após 48 horas de incubação a 37º C as células fúngicas foram quantificadas e o número de Ufc/mL foi determinado e analisado pelo teste ANOVA (P<.05). Os camundongos foram sacrificados e tiveram as línguas removidas cirurgicamente para realização da análise histológica. Os resultados demonstraram que a PDT foi efetiva na redução da viabilidade celular da C. albicans coletadas das línguas dos animais nas concentrações de 100, 125 e 150mg/L de FS, quando comparados com os animais do grupo controle positivo (P-L-) (P<0.05). Entretanto não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos que receberam PDT (P+L+100, P+L+125 e P+L+150mg/L). De acordo com os resultados pode-se concluir que a PDT não causou efeitos adversos nos tecidos das línguas dos animais. Dessa forma, concluiu-se que a PDT foi efetiva na inativação de C. albicans sem causar qualquer dano aos tecidos das línguas dos animais
The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy (PDT) mediated by photossensitizer Photodithazine® (PDZ) associated with LED light (660nm) for the photoinactivation of C. albicans in a murine model of oral candidosis. Fifty-five 6-week-old female Swiss mice were immunossuppressed and in the next day small cotton pads were soaked in a C. albicans cell suspension (107 CFU/mL) and swabbed in the oral cavity of mice. PDT was performed and the PS was applicated topically on the dorsum of the tongue of mice at concentrations 75, 100, 125 and 150mg/L (P+L+75, P+L+100, P+L+125 and P+L+150mg/L) associated with LED at a fluence of 37,5J/cm2 . The effect of PS only was tested by application of PDZ for the same period of pre-irradiation time and irradiation at the same concentration as that for the P+L+ group, without the LED illumination (P+L-75, P+L-100, P+L-125 and P+L-150mg/L). To verify the effect of the light only, the group was exposed to the same LED dose mentioned previously (P-L+ 37,5J/cm2 ), 1 group). The positive control did not receive any PS or light (P-L-). The negative control group (CN) of animals was evaluated and mice did not receive any treatment. After treatment the dorsum of the tongue was swabbed for 1 minute with a cotton pad to recover C. albicans cells and the microbiological evaluation was performed. The yeast colony counts were quantified and the number of CFU/mL was determined and analyzed by ANOVA test (P<.05). Animals were killed 24 hours after treatment and the tongue of all mice were surgically removed for histological analysis. The results of this investigation demonstrated that PDT was effective in reducing C. albicans recovered from the tongue of mice at concentrations 100, 125 and 150mg/L of PS when compared with the animals from the positive control group (P-L-) (P<0.05). There was no difference between these concentrations. Histological analyze was performed and no adverse effect on the tongue tissue was induced by PDT. In conclusion, PDT was effective for inactivation of C. albicans without causing any harming effects on tissues